![]() Today’s reality, however, presents another picture. The twentieth century may have seen the idea come into being that, as a result of modernization and rationalization, religion’s role would fade away or would, at least, be limited to the private sphere. ![]() The implication is not that the relationship between state and religion can do without attention. ![]() The position and meaning attributed to religion in several European states may differ, 2 but, in general, constitutional discourse no longer has a religious basis. This development shows the secularization of the state 1 and constitutional theory. Therefore, freedom of religion and the principle of equality play important roles, when answering questions about the meaning of religion in a state. Nowadays, religion is no longer that fundamental the starting points are democracy and the rule of law. Religion gave state authorities and state power its legitimacy, and the government was the protector of the Christian faith. During the Middle Ages, in Europe, the Christian religion determined the position of the state as well as the position of the Church. Nevertheless, thoughts about this relationship have changed. ![]() For ages, the relationship between state and religion, more particularly between state and church, has been studied. ![]()
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